Plant Bible

                                                                                  MENDELISM The contribution of Mendel to Genetics is called Mendelism. It includes all concepts brought out by Mendel through his original research, on plant hybridization. Genetic laws proposed by Mendel are universal to most genes in microbes, plants and animals. Mendelian genetic concepts are basics to modern geneticists. Therefore, Mendel is called the Father of Genetics.   Mendel: Mendel is the Father of Genetics. He was born in a peasant family in 1822 in Austria. He worked as a teacher. He passed his later life as an abbot. He died in 1884. Mendel was fond of gardening and fruit-culture from his boy hood. When he was working as teacher, he performed a series of experiments with pea plants in the garden. His work contains inheritance of characters in 22 varieties of garden peas. His papers were published in 1866 and 1867 in the proceedings of the Natural History Society of Brunn. The work o

                                                    Theories of Meristem Organization and Function Many anatomists illustrated the root and shoot apical meristems on the basis of number and arrangement and accordingly proposed the following theories – An extract of which are discussed below. Shoot Apical Meristem: Apical Cell Theory: Apical cell theory is proposed by Hofmeister (1852) and supported by Nageli (1859). A single apical cell is the structural and functional unit. This apical cell governs the growth and development of whole plant body. It is applicable in Algae, Bryophytes and in some Pteridophytes. Histogen Theory: Histogen theory is proposed by Hanstein (1868) and supported by Strassburgur. The shoot apex comprises three distinct zones. 1. Dermatogen: It is a outermost layer. It gives rise to epidermis. 2. Periblem: It is a middle layer. It gives rise to cortex. 3. Plerome : It is innermost layer. It gives rise to stele Tunica Corpus Theory: Tunica

                      DISCOVERY OF PHYTOHORMONES-AUXIN, GIBBERILIN, CYTOKININ                                                                     AUXIN S.NO SCIENTISTS YEAR OF IDENTIFICATION DISCOVERY 1 Charles Darwin   1880 The unilateral growth and curvature of Canary   grass (Phalaris canariensis) coleoptile to light. 2 F. W. Went 1926 The term auxin (Greek: Auxin – to Grow)   was first used by him .   3 F. W. Went 1928 Avena curvature test – he   using   Oats (Avena) coleoptile and isolated the auxin.   4 F. W. Went 1928 He collected auxin in agar jelly. 5 Kogl and Haugen Smith (1931)   He isolated Auxin from human urine, and called it as Auxin A.   6 Kogl and Haugen Smith 1934

                                                   IDENTIFICATION ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS S.NO SCIENTISTS YEAR OF DISCOVERY DISCOVERIES 1 Van Helmont (1648) Increase in organic substances comes from water alone by growing a Willow tree that gains weight but soil loses only 2 ounces of the original weight   2 Stephen Hales   (1727) Father of Plant Physiology, Plants obtain nourishment from air and light 3 Joseph Priestley (1772) Performed experiments with candle, mice and Mint plant and concluded that vegetation purifies the air   4 Jean-Ingen-Housz (1779) Confirmed Priestley’s experiment that oxygen released by the plants is possible only in light 5 Lavoisier (1783) Purifying gas produced by plants in sunlight is Oxyge