TRAINING - OBJECTIVES, TYPES OF TRAINING

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TRAINING

Definition:

When a plant is tied, fastened, staked or supported over a trellis or pergola in a certain fashion or some of its parts are pruned with a view to giving the plants a frame work the operation is called training.


Objective of training:

  • To admit more light and air to the centre of the tree and to expose maximum leaf surface to the sun.
  • To direct the growth of the tree so that various cultural operations, such as spraying and harvesting can be done at the lowest cost.
  • To protect the tree from sun burn and damage.
  • To secure a balance distribution of fruit bearing parts on the main limbs of the tree.

Methods of training:

OPEN CENTRE:

                In this system the main stem is allowed to grow only up to a certain height and the leader stem is pruned to encourage scaffold branches production. This system is also known as vase-shaped system.

CENTRAL LEADER:

                In this system a tree is trained to form a trunk which extends from the surface of the soil to the top of the tree. This system of training is also known as closed centered one.

MODIFIED LEADER:

                It is intermediate between the open Centre and central leader. This is developed by first training the trees to the leader type by allowing the central axis to grow unhampered for the first four or five years. The central stem is then headed back and lateral branches are allowed to grow as in the open system.

ESPALIER SYSTEM:

                Plants are trained to grow flat on trellis or on horizontal wires by training the branches perpendicularly to the main stem on both the sides and trained horizontally on to wires. Plants trained in this system are called ‘espaliers’. An espalier with on shoot or two shoots growing in opposite or parallel directions are called as ‘cordon’.

Difference:

s.no

Open central system

Central leader system

1

It admits more sunlight and enables the fruit to attain good colour.

It is not possible to get a better coloured fruit as it does not permit more sunlight.

2

It forms lesser number of scaffold branches and they are more likely to split at the crotches.

It permits the formation of number of scaffold branches and hence less likely to split at the crotches.

3

Trees are more fruitful in all directions.

Branches at the top are more fruitful than the lower branches, which remain more or less shaped.

4

It facilitates operations like spraying, thinning and harvesting.

Operations like spraying, thinning and harvest are comparatively difficult.

 


  REFERENCE:

Introduction to horticulture 8th edition author N.Kumar

 

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