FERMENTATION - TYPES , CHARACTERISTICS OF ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

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                                                                     Fermentation

Some organisms can respire in the absence of oxygen. This process is called fermentation or anaerobic respiration. There are three types of fermentation:

 1. Alcoholic fermentation

2. Lactic acid fermentation

3. Mixed acid fermentation


Alcoholic fermentation:

The cells of roots in water logged soil respire by alcoholic fermentation because of lack of oxygen by converting pyruvic acid into ethyl alcohol and CO2. Many species of yeast (Saccharomyces) also respire anaerobically. This process takes place in two steps:

Industrial uses of alcoholic fermentation:

1. In bakeries, it is used for preparing bread, cakes, biscuits.

 2. In beverage industries for preparing wine and alcoholic drinks.

3. In producing vinegar and in tanning, curing of leather.

4. Ethanol is used to make gasohol (a fuel that is used for cars in Brazil).


Lactic acid fermentation:

 Some bacteria (Bacillus), fungi and muscles of vertebrates produce lactic acid from pyruvic acid.

Mixed acid fermentation:

 This type of fermentation is a characteristic feature of Enterobacteriaceae and results in the formation of lactic acid, ethanol, formic acid and gases like CO2 and H2.


Characteristics of Anaerobic Respiration:

1. Anaerobic respiration is less efficient than the aerobic respiration.

2. Limited number of ATP molecules is generated per glucose molecule.

3. It is characterized by the production of CO2 and it is used for Carbon fixation in photosynthesis

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